Monitoramento da qualidade do ar da cidade inteligente com base em LoRa

Ferramentas e máquinas necessárias

Impressora 3D (genérica)

Aplicativos e serviços online

	Arduino IDE
	Grandeza
	Grandeur Canvas

Sobre este projeto

Cidade inteligente e qualidade do ar

Problema e solução

O plano do projeto

Fazendo o Nó Sensor

  #include "AirQuality.h" // biblioteca de qualidade do ar do bosque 
 #include "Arduino.h" 
 #include "DHT.h" 
 
 # definir DHTPIN 4 // qual pino digital sensor DHT conectado a 
 #define DHTTYPE DHT11 // modelo do sensor DHT11 
 
 DHT dht (DHTPIN, DHTTYPE); 
 
 AirQuality airqualitysensor; 
 int current_quality =-1; 
 
 const int sampleWindow =50; // Amostra da largura da janela em mS (50 mS =20 Hz) 
 amostra int não assinada; 
 ruído flutuante; 
 temp flutuante, úmido; 
 int airQuality; 
 
 // ---------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- 
 // CONFIGURAÇÃO 
 // ----------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- - 
 configuração vazia () 
 {
 
 Serial.begin (115200); // Serial para lora 
 airqualitysensor.init (14); 
 dht.begin (); 
 
} 
 
 // ----- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- 
 // LOOP PRINCIPAL 
 / / ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- 
 
 void loop () 
 {
 ruído =calcule_sound_in_db (); 
 airQuality =calcule_air_quality (); 
 calcule_temp_humid (); 
 
 String temperatura =String (temp); 
 Umidade da corda =Corda (úmido); 
 Som da corda =Corda (ruído); 
 Ar da corda =Corda (airQuality); 
 
 Valores da corda =String (temperatura) + "," + String (umidade) + "," + String (som) + "," + String (ar); 
 String cmd ="AT + SEND =0," + String (valores. comprimento ()) + "," + valores; // AT + SEND =
, ,  
 Serial.println (cmd); // enviado para lora 
 
 delay (15000); 
} 
 
 // esta função calcula o nível de som em dB 
 float calcular_sound_in_db () {
 início longo sem sinalMillis =millis (); // Início da janela de amostra 
 float peakToPeak =0; // nível pico a pico 
 
 unsigned int signalMax =0; // valor mínimo 
 unsigned int signalMin =1024; // valor máximo 
 
 // coletar dados para 50 ms 
 while (millis () - startMillis  {
 sample =analogRead (A1); // obtém a leitura do microfone 
 if (amostra <1024) // lança leituras falsas 
 {
 if (amostra> signalMax) 
 {
 signalMax =amostra; // salvar apenas os níveis máximos 
} 
 else if (amostra  {
 signalMin =amostra; // salvar apenas os níveis mínimos 
} 
} 
} 
 peakToPeak =signalMax - signalMin; // max - min =amplitude pico-pico 
 //Serial.println(peakToPeak); // escrever decibéis calibrados 
 float db =map (peakToPeak, 0,1000,48,120); // calibrar para deciBels 
 //Serial.print(db); // escrever decibéis calibrados 
 //Serial.println ("dB"); // escrever unidades 
 return db; 
} 
 
 int calcule_air_quality () {
 current_quality =airqualitysensor.slope (); 
 / * 
 if (current_quality> =0) // se um dado válido retornado. 
 {
 if (current_quality ==0) 
 Serial.println ("Alta poluição! Força sinal ativo"); 
 else if (current_quality ==1) 
 Serial.println ("Alta poluição!"); 
 else if (current_quality ==2) 
 Serial.println ("Baixa poluição ! "); 
 else if (current_quality ==3) 
 Serial.println (" Fresh air "); 
} 
 * / 
 return current_quality; 
} 
 
 void Calcule_temp_humid () {
 // A leitura da temperatura ou umidade leva cerca de 250 milissegundos! 
 // As leituras do sensor também podem ser de até 2 segundos 'antigas' ( é um sensor muito lento) 
 float h =dht.readHumidity (); 
 // Lê a temperatura como Celsius (o padrão) 
 float t =dht.readTemperature (); 
 
 // Verifique se alguma leitura falhou e saia mais cedo (para tentar novamente). 
 if (isnan (h) || isnan (t)) {
 //Serial.println("Falha ao ler do sensor DHT! "); 
 return; 
} 
 
 temp =t; 
 úmido =h; 
 / * 
 Serial.print ("Umidade:"); 
 Serial.print (h); 
 Serial.print ("% \ t"); 
 Serial.print ("Temperatura:"); 
 Serial.print (t); 
 Serial.print ("* C"); 
 * / 
} 
 
 // interromper a rotina de serviço do sensor de qualidade do ar 
 ISR (TIMER1_OVF_vect) 
 {
 if (airqualitysensor.counter ==61) // definir 2 segundos como uma tarefa detectada 
 {
 
 airqualitysensor.last_vol =airqualitysensor.first_vol; 
 airqualitysensor.first_vol =analogRead (A0); 
 airqualitysensor.counter =0; 
 airqualitysensor.timer_index =1; 
 PORTB =PORTB ^ 0x20; 
} 
 else 
 {
 airqualitysensor.counter ++; 
} 
}  

Upload e teste

Colocando componentes dentro da caixa

Configurando Grandeur

  {"temp":0, "humid":0, "air":0, "noise":0}  

Preparando o IoT LoRa Gateway

Firmware for the Gateway

void process_received_data(){
 
 start_pos =inputString.indexOf(start_val);
 end_pos =inputString.indexOf(end_val);
 String data_string =inputString.substring(start_pos+1, end_pos-1);
 //Serial.println(data_string);
 //identifying commas inn the string
 int firstCommaIndex =data_string.indexOf(',');
 int secondCommaIndex =data_string.indexOf(',', firstCommaIndex+1);
 int thirdCommaIndex =data_string.indexOf(',', secondCommaIndex+1);
 //seperating comma seperated value from the data string 
 String temperature =data_string.substring(0, firstCommaIndex);
 String humidity =data_string.substring(firstCommaIndex+1, secondCommaIndex);
 String noise_level =data_string.substring(secondCommaIndex+1, thirdCommaIndex);
 String air_auality =data_string.substring(thirdCommaIndex+1);
 
 //Serial.println(temperature);
 //Serial.println(humidity);
 //Serial.println(noise);
 //Serial.println(air_auality);

 temp =temperature.toFloat();
 humid =humidity.toFloat();
 noise =noise_level.toFloat();
 air =air_auality.toFloat(); 

 Serial.println(temp);
 Serial.println(humid);
 Serial.println(noise);
 Serial.println(air);
 
 inputString ="";
 stringComplete =false;
 } 

Data Visualization

Code

• Code for Sensor Node
• Code for Gateway

Code for Sensor NodeArduino

#include "AirQuality.h" //grove air quality library#include "Arduino.h"#include "DHT.h"#define DHTPIN 4 // what digital pin DHT sensor connected to#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // model of the sensor DHT11 DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);AirQuality airqualitysensor;int current_quality =-1;const int sampleWindow =50; // Sample window width in mS (50 mS =20Hz)unsigned int sample;float noise;float temp, humid;int airQuality; //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // SETUP //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------void setup() { Serial.begin(115200); //Serial for lora airqualitysensor.init(14); dht.begin();} //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------// MAIN LOOP//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void loop() { noise =calculate_sound_in_db(); airQuality =calculate_air_quality(); calculate_temp_humid(); String temperature =String(temp); String humidity =String(humid); String sound =String(noise); String air =String(airQuality); String values =String(temperature)+","+ String(humidity)+","+ String(sound)+","+ String(air); String cmd ="AT+SEND=0,"+String(values.length())+","+values; //AT+SEND=
,, Serial.println(cmd); //sent to lora delay(15000);}//this function calculate sound level in dBfloat calculate_sound_in_db(){ unsigned long startMillis=millis(); // Start of sample window float peakToPeak =0; // peak-to-peak level unsigned int signalMax =0; //minimum value unsigned int signalMin =1024; //maximum value // collect data for 50 mS while (millis() - startMillis  signalMax) { signalMax =sample; // save just the max levels } else if (sample =0)// if a valid data returned. { if (current_quality==0) Serial.println("High pollution! Force signal active"); else if (current_quality==1) Serial.println("High pollution!"); else if (current_quality==2) Serial.println("Low pollution!"); else if (current_quality ==3) Serial.println("Fresh air"); } */ return current_quality;}void calculate_temp_humid(){ // Reading temperature or humidity takes about 250 milliseconds! // Sensor readings may also be up to 2 seconds 'old' (its a very slow sensor) float h =dht.readHumidity(); // Read temperature as Celsius (the default) float t =dht.readTemperature(); // Check if any reads failed and exit early (to try again). if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) { //Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!"); return; } temp =t; humid =h; /* Serial.print("Humidity:"); Serial.print(h); Serial.print(" %\t"); Serial.print("Temperature:"); Serial.print(t); Serial.print(" *C "); */}//interrupt service routine for air quality sensorISR(TIMER1_OVF_vect){ if(airqualitysensor.counter==61)//set 2 seconds as a detected duty { airqualitysensor.last_vol=airqualitysensor.first_vol; airqualitysensor.first_vol=analogRead(A0); airqualitysensor.counter=0; airqualitysensor.timer_index=1; PORTB=PORTB^0x20; } else { airqualitysensor.counter++; }}

Code for GatewayArduino

/* Including the SDK and WiFi library */#include #include #include SoftwareSerial LORA(D7, D8);/* Configurations */String deviceID ="your device id";String apiKey ="your api key";String token ="your device token";/* WiFi credentials */String ssid ="your wifi ssid";String password ="your wifi password";/* Create variable to hold project and device */Grandeur::Project project;Grandeur::Project::Device device;/* Variable to keep track of connection state and time */int connected =0;uint32_t lastUpdate =0;String inputString =""; // a string to hold incoming databoolean stringComplete =false; // whether the string is complete//:and % was set from the transmitter node for the eage of data separationchar start_val =':';char end_val ='%';int start_pos =0;int end_pos =0;float temp =0;float humid =0;float air =0;float noise =0;/* Function to check device's connection status */void onConnection(bool status) { switch(status) { case CONNECTED:Serial.println("Device is connected to the cloud."); /* Record connection state and time */ connected =1; lastUpdate =millis(); return; case DISCONNECTED:Serial.println("Device is disconnected from the cloud."); connected =0; return; }}/* Function to connect to WiFi */void connectWiFi() { /* Set mode to station */ WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA); /* Connect using the ssid and password */ WiFi.begin(ssid, password); /* Block till the WiFi is connected */ while (WiFi.status() !=WL_CONNECTED) { delay(500); Serial.print("."); } /* Print message */ Serial.println(""); Serial.println("WiFi connected"); /* And IP address */ Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());}/* Function to confirm that data has been updated */void dataCallback(const char* code, Var res) { /* If the update was recorded successfully */ if(code =="DEVICE-DATA-UPDATED") { //Serial.println("Updated DATA"); /* Get data */ double temp_data =(double) res["update"]["temp"]; double humid_data =(double) res["update"]["humid"]; double noise_data =(double) res["update"]["noise"]; double air_data =(double) res["update"]["air"]; /* Print */ Serial.printf("Temperature:%f Humidity:%f Noise Level:%f Air Quality:%f\n", temp_data, humid_data, noise_data, air_data); return; } /* If the summary could not be updated. */ Serial.println("Failed to Update DATA"); return;}/* Function to send updated current and power readings */void sendUpdate() { Var data; //JSON data format set in Grandeur:{"temp":0, "humid":0, "air":0, "noise":0} data["temp"] =temp; data["humid"] =humid; data["noise"] =noise; data["air"] =air; /* Record update */ //device.data().set("", data, dataCallback); //send JSON device.data().set("temp", temp, dataCallback); device.data().set("humid", humid, dataCallback); device.data().set("noise", noise, dataCallback); device.data().set("air", air, dataCallback); //delay(2000);}void setup() { /* Begin the serial */ Serial.begin(9600); LORA.begin(115200); inputString.reserve(200); /* Connect to WiFi */ connectWiFi(); /* Initializes the global object "grandeur" with your configurations. */ project =grandeur.init(apiKey, token); /* Get reference to device */ device =project.device(deviceID); /* Sets connection state update handler */ project.onConnection(onConnection);}void loop() { serialEvent(); project.loop(WiFi.status() ==WL_CONNECTED); /* Send update to server */ if (stringComplete) { process_received_data(); if (connected) sendUpdate(); }}void serialEvent() { while (LORA.available()) { // get the new byte:char inChar =(char)LORA.read(); // if the incoming character is a newline, set a flag // so the main loop can do something about it:if (inChar =='\n') { stringComplete =true; } else // add it to the inputString:inputString +=inChar; }}void process_received_data(){ start_pos =inputString.indexOf(start_val); end_pos =inputString.indexOf(end_val); String data_string =inputString.substring(start_pos+1, end_pos-1); //Serial.println(data_string); //identifying commas inn the string int firstCommaIndex =data_string.indexOf(','); int secondCommaIndex =data_string.indexOf(',', firstCommaIndex+1); int thirdCommaIndex =data_string.indexOf(',', secondCommaIndex+1); //seperating comma seperated value from the data string String temperature =data_string.substring(0, firstCommaIndex); String humidity =data_string.substring(firstCommaIndex+1, secondCommaIndex); String noise_level =data_string.substring(secondCommaIndex+1, thirdCommaIndex); String air_auality =data_string.substring(thirdCommaIndex+1); //Serial.println(temperature); //Serial.println(humidity); //Serial.println(noise); //Serial.println(air_auality); temp =temperature.toFloat(); humid =humidity.toFloat(); noise =noise_level.toFloat(); air =air_auality.toFloat(); Serial.println(temp); Serial.println(humid); Serial.println(noise); Serial.println(air); inputString =""; stringComplete =false; }

Custom parts and enclosures

Schematics