Modelagem Avançada em Nível de Chave (Switch-Level) em Verilog

Verilog também suporta modelagem em nível de transistor, embora raramente usada hoje devido à complexidade dos circuitos exigir níveis de abstração mais altos.

NMOS/PMOS

module des (
  input d, ctrl,
  output outn, outp
);
  nmos (outn, d, ctrl);
  pmos (outp, d, ctrl);
endmodule

module tb;
  reg d, ctrl;
  wire outn, outp;
  
  des u0 (.d(d), .ctrl(ctrl), .outn(outn), .outp(outp));
  
  initial begin
    {d, ctrl} <= 0;
    $monitor ("T=%0t d=%0b ctrl=%0b outn=%0b outp=%0b", $time, d, ctrl, outn, outp);
    #10 d <= 1;
    #10 ctrl <= 1;
    #10 ctrl <= 0;
    #10 d <= 0;
  end
endmodule

Log de Simulação

ncsim> run
T=0 d=0 ctrl=0 outn=z outp=0
T=10 d=1 ctrl=0 outn=z outp=1
T=20 d=1 ctrl=1 outn=1 outp=z
T=30 d=1 ctrl=0 outn=z outp=1
T=40 d=0 ctrl=0 outn=z outp=0
ncsim: *W,RNQUIE: Simulation is complete.

Chaves CMOS

module des (
  input d, nctrl, pctrl,
  output out
);
  cmos (out, d, nctrl, pctrl);
endmodule

module tb;
  reg d, nctrl, pctrl;
  wire out;
  
  des u0 (.d(d), .nctrl(nctrl), .pctrl(pctrl), .out(out));
  
  initial begin
    {d, nctrl, pctrl} <= 0;
    $monitor ("T=%0t d=%0b nctrl=%0b pctrl=%0b out=%0b", $time, d, nctrl, pctrl, out);
    #10 d <= 1;
    #10 nctrl <= 1;
    #10 pctrl <= 1;
    #10 nctrl <= 0;
    #10 pctrl <= 0;
    #10 d <= 0;
    #10;
  end
endmodule

Log de Simulação

ncsim> run
T=0 d=0 nctrl=0 pctrl=0 out=0
T=10 d=1 nctrl=0 pctrl=0 out=1
T=20 d=1 nctrl=1 pctrl=0 out=1
T=30 d=1 nctrl=1 pctrl=1 out=1
T=40 d=1 nctrl=0 pctrl=1 out=z
T=50 d=1 nctrl=0 pctrl=0 out=1
T=60 d=0 nctrl=0 pctrl=0 out=0
ncsim: *W,RNQUIE: Simulation is complete.

Chaves Bidirecionais

tran

module des (
  input io1, ctrl,
  output io2
);
  tran (io1, io2);
endmodule

module tb;
  reg io1, ctrl;
  wire io2;
  
  des u0 (.io1(io1), .ctrl(ctrl), .io2(io2));
  
  initial begin
    {io1, ctrl} <= 0;
    $monitor ("T=%0t io1=%0b ctrl=%0b io2=%0b", $time, io1, ctrl, io2);
    #10 io1 <= 1;
    #10 ctrl <= 1;
    #10 ctrl <= 0;
    #10 io1 <= 0;
  end
endmodule

Log de Simulação

ncsim> run
T=0 io1=0 ctrl=0 io2=0
T=10 io1=1 ctrl=0 io2=1
T=20 io1=1 ctrl=1 io2=1
T=30 io1=1 ctrl=0 io2=1
T=40 io1=0 ctrl=0 io2=0
ncsim: *W,RNQUIE: Simulation is complete.

tranif0

module des (
  input io1, ctrl,
  output io2
);
  tranif0 (io1, io2, ctrl);
endmodule

Log de Simulação

ncsim> run
T=0 io1=0 ctrl=0 io2=0
T=10 io1=1 ctrl=0 io2=1
T=20 io1=1 ctrl=1 io2=z
T=30 io1=1 ctrl=0 io2=1
T=40 io1=0 ctrl=0 io2=0
ncsim: *W,RNQUIE: Simulation is complete.

tranif1

module des (
  input io1, ctrl,
  output io2
);
  tranif1 (io1, io2, ctrl);
endmodule

Log de Simulação

ncsim> run
T=0 io1=0 ctrl=0 io2=z
T=10 io1=1 ctrl=0 io2=z
T=20 io1=1 ctrl=1 io2=1
T=30 io1=1 ctrl=0 io2=z
T=40 io1=0 ctrl=0 io2=z
ncsim: *W,RNQUIE: Simulation is complete.

Alimentação e Terra (Power and Ground)

module des (
  output vdd,
  output gnd
);
  supply1 _vdd;
  supply0 _gnd;
  assign vdd = _vdd;
  assign gnd = _gnd;
endmodule

module tb;
  wire vdd, gnd;
  
  des u0 (.vdd(vdd), .gnd(gnd));
  
  initial begin
    #10;
    $display ("T=%0t vdd=%0d gnd=%0d", $time, vdd, gnd);
  end
endmodule

Log de Simulação

ncsim> run
T=10 vdd=1 gnd=0
ncsim: *W,RNQUIE: Simulation is complete.