Sensor Ultrassônico HC-SR04 e Arduino – Guia Completo

Pinagem do sensor ultrassônico HC-SR04

Como funciona o sensor de distância ultrassônico HC-SR04?

Como conectar o sensor ultrassônico HC-SR04 ao Arduino

Você pode obter esses componentes necessários para este tutorial em qualquer um dos sites abaixo:

• Sensor ultrassônico HC-SR04 ………… 
• Placa Arduino ………………………………
• Breadboard e jump wires ……… 

Código Arduino do Sensor Ultrassônico HC-SR04

/*
  Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 and Arduino Tutorial

  by Dejan Nedelkovski,
  www.HowToMechatronics.com

*/
// defines pins numbers
const int trigPin = 9;
const int echoPin = 10;
// defines variables
long duration;
int distance;
void setup() {
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input
  Serial.begin(9600); // Starts the serial communication
}
void loop() {
  // Clears the trigPin
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  // Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds
  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  // Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds
  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
  // Calculating the distance
  distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;
  // Prints the distance on the Serial Monitor
  Serial.print("Distance: ");
  Serial.println(distance);
}Code language: Arduino (arduino)

Explicação do código

// defines pins numbers
const int trigPin = 9;
const int echoPin = 10;

// defines variables
long duration;
int distance;Code language: Arduino (arduino)

void setup() {
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input
  Serial.begin(9600); // Starts the serial communication
}Code language: Arduino (arduino)

// Clears the trigPin
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);

// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);Code language: Arduino (arduino)

// Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);Code language: Arduino (arduino)

// Calculating the distance
distance= duration*0.034/2;

// Prints the distance on the Serial Monitor
Serial.print("Distance: ");
Serial.println(distance);Code language: Arduino (arduino)

Exemplo de sensor ultrassônico Arduino e display LCD

/*
  Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 and Arduino Tutorial

  by Dejan Nedelkovski,
  www.HowToMechatronics.com

*/
#include <LiquidCrystal.h> // includes the LiquidCrystal Library
LiquidCrystal lcd(1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7); // Creates an LCD object. Parameters: (rs, enable, d4, d5, d6, d7)
const int trigPin = 9;
const int echoPin = 10;
long duration;
int distanceCm, distanceInch;
void setup() {
  lcd.begin(16, 2); // Initializes the interface to the LCD screen, and specifies the dimensions (width and height) of the display
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
}
void loop() {
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
  distanceCm = duration * 0.034 / 2;
  distanceInch = duration * 0.0133 / 2;
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0); // Sets the location at which subsequent text written to the LCD will be displayed
  lcd.print("Distance: "); // Prints string "Distance" on the LCD
  lcd.print(distanceCm); // Prints the distance value from the sensor
  lcd.print(" cm");
  delay(10);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("Distance: ");
  lcd.print(distanceInch);
  lcd.print(" inch");
  delay(10);
}Code language: Arduino (arduino)

Exemplo de código usando a biblioteca NewPing

#include <NewPing.h>

#define TRIGGER_PIN  9
#define ECHO_PIN     10
#define MAX_DISTANCE 400 // Maximum distance we want to measure (in centimeters).


NewPing sonar(TRIGGER_PIN, ECHO_PIN, MAX_DISTANCE); // NewPing setup of pins and maximum distance.

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  delay(50);                    // Wait 50ms between pings (about 20 pings/sec). 29ms should be the shortest delay between pings.

  int distance = sonar.ping_cm(); // Send ping, get distance in cm and print result (0 = outside set distance range)

  Serial.print("Distance: ");
  Serial.print(distance);
  Serial.println("cm");
}Code language: Arduino (arduino)

Melhorando a precisão do sensor de distância HC-SR04 com sensor de temperatura DHT22

Código do Arduino

/*
  Example made by Dejan, How To Mechatronics,
  https://howtomechatronics.com/

*/

#include <NewPing.h>  // https://bitbucket.org/teckel12/arduino-new-ping/wiki/Home
#include "dht.h"      // https://github.com/RobTillaart/DHTlib

#define TRIGGER_PIN  9
#define ECHO_PIN     10
#define MAX_DISTANCE 400
#define dht22 5 // DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor

NewPing sonar(TRIGGER_PIN, ECHO_PIN, MAX_DISTANCE);
dht DHT; // Creats a DHT object

int readDHT, temp, hum;
float speedOfSound, distance, duration;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  delay(100);

  // Read temperature and humidity from DHT22 sensor
  readDHT = DHT.read22(dht22); // Reads the data from the sensor
  temp = DHT.temperature; // Gets the values of the temperature
  hum = DHT.humidity; // Gets the values of the humidity


  speedOfSound = 331.4 + (0.6 * temp) + (0.0124 * hum); // Calculate speed of sound in m/s

  duration = sonar.ping_median(10); // 10 interations - returns duration in microseconds
  duration = duration/1000000; // Convert mircroseconds to seconds
  distance = (speedOfSound * duration)/2;
  distance = distance * 100; // meters to centimeters

  Serial.print("Distance: ");
  Serial.print(distance);
  Serial.println("cm");

}Code language: Arduino (arduino)

Dimensões do HC-SR04 e modelo 3D

Conclusão

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